ch1 and ch2 only imp in iot

 

1️⃣ IoT Reference Architecture

+----------------------+
|    Business Layer    |
+----------------------+
|   Application Layer  |
+----------------------+
|   Processing (Cloud) |
+----------------------+
|   Connectivity Layer |
+----------------------+
|     Device Layer     |
+----------------------+

2️⃣ IoT Communication Model (Complete)

Device ↔ Device
Device → Cloud
Device → Gateway → Cloud
Cloud → Cloud (Data Sharing)

3️⃣ Device-to-Device Model

[Sensor] <----> [Smart Device]

4️⃣ Device-to-Cloud Model

[IoT Device] ----Internet----> [Cloud]

5️⃣ Device-to-Gateway Model

[Sensor] ---> [Gateway] ---> [Cloud]

6️⃣ Back-End Data Sharing

[Cloud] ---> [Analytics App]

7️⃣ IoT Level-3 System

[Single Node] ---> Internet ---> [Cloud] ---> [Mobile App]

👉 Example: Smart temperature monitoring.

8️⃣ IoT Level-4 System

[Node1] \
[Node2] ---> [Gateway] ---> [Cloud] ---> [App]
[Node3] /

👉 Example: Smart agriculture.

9️⃣ IoT Node – Gateway – Proxy

[Node] ---> [Gateway] ---> [Proxy] ---> [Server]
Sensor     Data Filter     Security

🔟 IoT LAN vs WAN

LAN :  Sensor --WiFi--> Router --Phone
WAN :  Sensor --4G/LoRa--> Internet --Cloud

1️⃣1️⃣ IoT vs M2M Architecture

M2M :
[Machine] <----Private Network----> [Machine]

IoT :
[Device] ---> Internet ---> [Cloud] ---> [App]

1️⃣2️⃣ IoT Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

+-------------------+
|   Application     |
+-------------------+
|    IoT Services   |
+-------------------+
|  Devices/Sensors  |
+-------------------+

1️⃣3️⃣ 6LoWPAN Architecture

[IPv6 Network]
        |
     [Gateway]
        |
   Low Power Nodes
   (Sensors/Devices)

🧪 UNIT-2 — SENSOR & ACTUATOR DIAGRAMS

1️⃣4️⃣ Sensor Node Architecture

+----------------------+
| Sensor Unit          |
| Microcontroller      |
| Communication Module |
| Power Supply         |
+----------------------+

1️⃣5️⃣ Sensor → Controller → Actuator Flow

Environment → [Sensor] → [MCU] → [Actuator]
   Input                          Output

Example:
Temperature → Sensor → Arduino → Fan.

⭐ BONUS (Often Asked Small Diagrams)

Humidity & Temperature Sensor (DHT11)

[DHT11 Sensor] ---> [Arduino] ---> [Cloud/App]

Analog vs Digital Sensor

Analog Sensor ---> ADC ---> MCU
Digital Sensor ---------> MCU

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