difference between c and c++

  C language :The c language is procedural and general-purpose language that provide low-level

access to system memory .




C++ language : C++ language is object oriented programming language 


C and C++ are both programming languages, but they have distinct differences in terms of their features, use cases, and design philosophies. Here are some key differences between C and C++:


1. **Object-Oriented Programming (OOP):**

   - C: C is a procedural programming language. It focuses on procedures or functions and does not have built-in support for object-oriented programming concepts like classes and objects.

   - C++: C++ is an extension of C that adds object-oriented features. It introduces classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation, allowing developers to design and structure their code in an object-oriented manner.


2. **Abstraction and Encapsulation:**

   - C: C lacks the built-in mechanisms for abstraction and encapsulation provided by C++. It does not have access modifiers like public and private.

   - C++: C++ supports encapsulation by allowing the definition of classes with private, protected, and public access specifiers. This helps in achieving better data hiding and modular design.


3. **Standard Template Library (STL):**

   - C: C does not have a standardized library for data structures and algorithms.

   - C++: C++ includes the Standard Template Library (STL), which provides a collection of template classes and functions for common tasks such as data structures (like vectors, stacks, queues) and algorithms (sorting, searching, etc.).


4. **Function Overloading:**

   - C: C does not support function overloading, where multiple functions can have the same name but different parameter lists.

   - C++: C++ allows function overloading, enabling developers to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameter types or numbers.


5. **Operator Overloading:**

   - C: C does not support operator overloading, meaning that you cannot define custom behaviors for operators like +, -, *, etc.

   - C++: C++ allows operator overloading, letting you define how operators work for user-defined classes.


6. **Memory Management:**

   - C: C provides manual memory management through functions like malloc() and free(). Developers are responsible for managing memory allocation and deallocation.

   - C++: C++ provides both manual memory management and automatic memory management through constructors and destructors. Additionally, C++ introduces the concept of smart pointers to manage memory automatically.


7. **Compatibility:**

   - C: C code can often be used within C++ programs with minimal modifications.

   - C++: While C++ extends C, it introduces additional features, making it a superset of C. However, some C code might need adjustments to work seamlessly in C++.


8. **Use Cases:**

   - C: C is often used for system-level programming, operating systems, embedded systems, and low-level programming where control over hardware and memory is critical.

   - C++: C++ is suitable for a wider range of applications, including desktop software, games, application development, system programming, and more, due to its support for both procedural and object-oriented programming.


Overall, C++ builds upon C by adding features that facilitate more structured and modular programming, especially in the context of object-oriented development. The choice between C and C++ depends on the specific requirements of the project and the programming paradigm you intend to use.




Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

ch 2 pm

 Here's a breakdown of the Software Engineering Institute's (SEI) Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) framework elements, particularly relevant to the Unified Process (UP) and other structured methodologies: Framework Elements: Life Cycle Phases: Inception: Focuses on establishing the project's vision, scope, business case, and feasibility. Elaboration: Defines the architecture, refines requirements, and plans the remaining project. Mitigates high-risk elements. Construction: Iteratively develops and integrates the bulk of the software, building working versions. Transition: Deploys the software to the user community and ensures operational readiness. (Note: Your request mentioned "training phase" which often aligns with Transition activities.) Artifacts of the Process: The Artifact Sets (Categories): Management Artifacts: Pertain to project planning, tracking, and control (e.g., business case, project plan, risk list). Engineering Artifacts...
Read more

pm unit :1

Evolution of software economics. short and efficient: The evolution of software economics reflects a shift from a "craft" to a more industrialized, predictable process. Early Days (1960s-1970s - Conventional/Craftsmanship): Characteristics: Custom tools, custom processes, primarily custom components built in primitive languages. Economics: Highly unpredictable; cost, schedule, and quality objectives were frequently underachieved. Focus was on basic analysis and coding. Transition (1980s-1990s - Software Engineering): Characteristics: Emergence of repeatable processes and off-the-shelf tools. Higher-level languages became prevalent. Some commercial components (OS, databases, networking) were adopted. Economics: Still somewhat unpredictable, but improvements in process and tooling started to offer better control. Software cost models like COCOMO emerged to estimate effort based on factors like size, process, personnel, environment, and quality. Modern Practices (2000...
Read more

ch 3 pm

  Iterative Process Planning: Instead of a single, rigid plan, this involves continuous refinement of project plans in small cycles (iterations). Each iteration builds on the last, allowing for flexibility, early feedback, and adaptation to changing requirements and risks. This is a hallmark of Agile methodologies. Project Organizations and Responsibilities: Defines the roles, responsibilities, and reporting structures within a software development team (e.g., project manager, architects, developers, testers). It also addresses how teams are structured (e.g., functional, matrix, cross-functional) to maximize efficiency and communication. Process Automation: Leveraging tools and scripts to automate repetitive and error-prone tasks across the software development lifecycle. This includes automated builds, testing (Continuous Integration/Delivery - CI/CD), deployment, environment provisioning (Infrastructure as Code), and reporting, significantly boosting efficiency and quali...
Read more